خطط ستالين الخمسية قطعة قراءة ستيب رقم 64

نص القطعة

1-The Five-Year Plan was a road map for Stalin's great goals of industrialization which aimed at improving the economy of the Soviet Union. The industrial output of the Soviet Union increased by 50 percent in five years; the annual rate of growth during the first Five-Year Plan was between 15 and 22 percent. There were entirely new industries built in entirely new cities. Cities such as Moscow and Leningrad doubled in size in the early 1930s. 2-Yet, this is not to say that this was totally executed without some defects. This industrialization came at enormous human cost. People were arrested and sent to camps on a very wide variety of charges, including simply having the ill luck of being born to bourgeois or kulak parents. People had to work hard for fear of severe punishment that might lead to death . 3-This camp system held around 3.6 million people by the end of the decade. A man-made canal, Belomor Canal, connecting Moscow to the seaports of the north was dug by hand, with human labor used for every part of its construction. Its significance lies in the fact that it was the first time the labor force was exclusively prisoners. It was built using slave labor and thousands died during its construction. Conditions were horrendous and the NKVD guards were brutal psychopaths. People were deliberately worked to death in a calculated way of getting rid of "class enemies" who posed a threat to the new Soviet regime. Their life conditions did not improve. On the contrary, there were increasing and needless deaths. And after all the needless deaths, the canal ended up not being deep enough to take large ships that it was designed for. 4-“Factory workers, both men and women, who wanted to find a place to live in and around towns like Stalingrad, Magnitogorsk, Novokuznetsk, had to live in earth shelters they dug out in the neighboring hills. If people could live and do useful work in such living conditions and during enormous shortages of food and goods of first demand, this could only be explained by the fact that the Russians aren’t used to anything but suffering and hardship.” That’s what German diplomat Gustav Hilger wrote about the times of industrialization in the USSR, the times when the first five-year plans were implemented. 5- Stakhanov was a miner in Donbass, a coal-producing region in Soviet Ukraine. Under the communist system, all mines were run by the state and had monthly production targets. If they missed the targets, local managers and Communist Party officials were in trouble. The mine where Stakhanov worked was one of the worst-performing in the region. 6- Stakhanov He was incredibly competitive. He kept thinking how to increase the productivity of his mine -and eventually he came up with a brilliant solution. So, he came up with the idea of having one miner constantly picking coal, while another loaded the coal on the cart, a third miner propped the roof with pit props, and a fourth led the pony in and out. And instead of the traditional pick, Stakhanov was keen to use a mining drill, which was a novelty and required specialist training. Drills were extremely heavy, weighing more than 15kg. 7-The manager of the mine had serious doubts about Stakhanov's initiative. However, Stakhanov persuaded his team leader and the local party boss to give it a go. On 30 August 1935, at 22:00, Alexei Stakhanov and three colleagues entered the mine, accompanied by the party boss and a local journalist. Six hours later they emerged, triumphant, having produced 102 tonnes of coal -more than 14 times the target. 8-The second plan in 1933 focused on the steel production of the Soviet Union. However, workers worked really hard when there were bonuses.